Effect of Media Bias in Arab World on Palestinian Community

Effect of Media Bias in Arab World on Palestinian Community Research Proposal Ghaida Ayesh Proposed Research Topic: The Effect of Biased Media in the Arab World on the Palestinian Community. Research Question: Why Palestinians believe media even though there are different sources with different opinions on the same topic? Introduction and Purposes: In September of 2013, there were billboards around Bethlehem city attracted my attention saying â€Å"Did you know a 3rd tower fell on 9/11?† and this sentence followed by a website to be checked if someone interested of getting more details, it was www.rethink911.org, I checked the website. It was all about introducing facts about what happened in the 11th September, 2001. And there was a documentary video which presented by agroup of Architects Engineers who try to unveil the truth behind the fell of the World Trade Center Twin Towers on that day, and the surprising thing that there was a third building fell on that day called the World Trade Center Building 7 that didn’t hit by plan and collapsed in free fall 7 hours after the twin towers collapsed, I didn’t remember that on that day I heard about the existence of a third building and no news mentioned a story about the third building. I wondered how could media hide such a thing, why did they do that especia lly the U.S media, who could control all the main media networks around the word for not reporting about the third tower, and why did the audience believe them? While reading several articles about the issue trying to explore some facts, I realised that media coverage followed accusations by government authorities that pointed toward Al Qaeda as the group that carried out the attack on the United States and Osama bin Laden as leader of that group. Those news reports on the attack and the aftermath shaped public  opinion to support the war on terrorism.Other ways to influence public opinion include political advertising.Subsequently I realised that media plays the role of the invisible hand in this universe and controls the audiences’ minds in a strange way, so what makes media’s audiences believe what they hear or see? Therefore, I plan to conduct a research about the media impact in the Arab world, and my purpose of this research is to see how the news reporting now adays by affect people’s opinion toward what’s going on in the Arab world. And how the biased media can control people’s political thinking? It will also aim to tackle issues such as is media report or create news? Moreover who are the parties that control media in the Arab world? Background and Methods: In order to get data for my research, first I will read articles and researched conducted to a related topics, and will conduct a survey that target under graduate university students in Bethlehem University, also a group of people who used to set in Cafà ©s and watch, read and listen to news, so this will enable me to gather relevant information, ultimately giving me the necessary tools to be able to compare people’s perspectives about today’s media, besides what is their relevance source of media, how their believe in media changed in the last years? Also to see if they make sure about the news they read before sharing it with other people in social networks. Further, I will prepare for a focus group of university students with different political views about what’s going on in the Middle East, and during this focus group I will introduce different resources of media with different opinion specifically about the Syrian revolution because I have noticed that th ere are many conflicted opinions in the Palestinian community about it and cannot find group of people have the same political analysis about what’s going on there in Syria, and during the discussions that will arise I will observe how this group of people going to react and comment about the differences in media and opinions. I choose surveys because using this tool will make me able to collect different opinions about media, and the creating of focus group is efficient to see immediate reaction and different opinions about media and this will give me information about what is the source of news that people prefer and trust, and how people evaluate the reliability of the reported news? I think about targeting university students and people who usually set in cafà ©s to watch news when distributing the surveys and creating the focus group; because these types of groups gathers people with different values and believes in one spot. And this will make the data I gather more efficient. Literature Review Watching news, reading newspaper or magazine, or listening to a radio station are one of the main activities in every day’s life. And these media become part of culture. While reading about the media effect and impact on people’s opinion and beliefs I found that there are three main sociological perspectives on the role of media, the first called the Limited-effects theory (1940s-1950s) this theory supports the assumption that people has the control of their own choices and choose what to watch, what believe and what to not; so the studies of the media influence showed that well- informed people relied more on personal experience, prior knowledge and their own reasoning unlike those who are less- informed ones. However for me there is a missing point in this theory that makes me disagree with it, the point is that when someone wants to get some knowledge about something he looks for information through media, if not through media, he will ask other people for informatio n and for sure these people didn’t get this knowledge from nothing, they got it for example, from books, magazines, TV or internet which all considered as media. And another important thing is that this theory was created when the existence, availability and dominance of media was far less widespread which make it out dated (Entman 1994). The second theory is Class-dominant theory this theory follow the postulation that media is owned by a minority elite who controls it, and this elite group is cooperating with each other as a result, they can control what people see or hear, in addition because the main source of income for media is advertising, when a big company that finance large advertising campaigns in media do something unethical this media protect the image of this company because it is not for her benefit to harm the image of the company because this will make the media lose a big source of income (Mills 1956). The third and final theory called Culturalist theory (19 80s-1990s), this theory combined the other two theories and it believes that people interact with media in a way so they create their own meanings out of the images and messages received form media, moreover this theory has two standpoints, the first is how audiences interact with media, and the other standpoint focuses on the producers of media. For the first standpoint because people choose what to watch, how much to watch and may choose to not watch; studies done by sociologists and linguists found that audiences interpretation of what they choose to watch is based on their own knowledge and experience. Therefore, culturalist theorists claim that, while a few elite in large corporations may exert significant control over what information media produces and distributes, personal perspective plays a more powerful role in how the audience members interpret those messages. (The Role and Influence of Mass Media 2013). Several reports and studies showed that the media can influence the audiences’ political view, and voting decision, for instance a study conducted in one of NBER working paper series, the study took the introduction of Fox News into a cable market as a case to analyze its news reporting impact on the federal election, they collected data for 28 states in the United States of America. After that they compared the change in the Republican vote share between 1996 and 2000 for the towns that had adopted Fox News by 2000 with those that had not. And the result showed that Fox News had a significant impact on the 2000 elections. The entry of Fox News increased the Republican vote share in presidential elections by 0.4 to 0.7 percentage points, depending on the specification. Since Fox News in 2000 was available in about 35 percent of households, the impact of Fox News on the two-party vote share in 2000 is estimated to be 0.15 to 0.2 percentage points, 200,000 votes nation-wide. (De llaVigna and Kaplan 2006). Another study find that Fox News watchers were 50 percent more likely that viewers of other networks to believe (erroneously) that weapons of mass destruction were found in Iraq. (Steven, Ramsay and Lewis 2003). These statistics raised in my mind why did people believe median in such a case? Is it because it represents their inner affiliation? Or because the way it is presented is coming straight to the point that interest them? Or is it all about the credibility that a channel may be having? These are another minor questions of what I am looking for, and may lead me to study the case through some focus groups with different affiliation. In addition other studies found that over 70 percent of Americans believe that there is a great deal or a fair amount of media bias in news coverage (Pew 2004). Evidence of bias ranges from the topic choice of the New York Times (Puglisi 2006) to the choice of think-tanks that the media refer to (Groseclose and Milyo 2005). Media bias was even more prevalent in the late 19th and early 20th century (Gentzkow 2006). There is another theory addressed by Dr. Max McCombs and Dr. Donald Shaw, which is Agenda- Setting Theory it describes the powerful influence of media by telling what issues are important, they came out with this theory by studying the influence of media on the 1968 presidential election, the study titled 1968 Chapel HillStudy, the conclusion of this study is that the mass media exerted a significant influence on what voters considered to be the major issues of the campaign. (McCombs and Shaw 1972). Biased Media: The media is biased whenever it provides fake images or out of context facts to support a certain viewpoint. The media is also biased whenever it â€Å"framing† issues of eventer on a certain way to fake the facts. Many scholars argue that framing can actually decide how we view a situation. (Kuypers 2002). A biased media affects the publics understanding of current events and issues without giving the public all the facts. Opinions based on biased information are not usually the same as opinions based on neutral information. So for the public to make informed decisions on issues and politics, they must be given neutral information. (Kelly and Pax 2004) As shown, media has powerful impact on people’s beliefs, and is controlled by group of people, furthermore there is agreement about the existence of biased media, and most of studies are conducted in western areas. That is why the current research study will be aimed to find out why people in the Arab world, from Palestine, in Bethlehem believe what media reports. Limitation: Unfortunately I will not be able to collect audience’s interaction with the reported news about what’s going on in the Arab world specially about what so called the Arab’s Spring because I have no access to audiences from other countries. In addition I can’t get statistics about what are the news media people in the Arab world watch, read or listen. As a result I am limited to Bethlehem University undergraduate students only. Because of that, I will be restricted to only normal audiences in the Palestinian community. In addition, there is no available technology for media that give statistics about what people watch on TV. And what are the main news TV channels they watch such as Nielsen technology. Bibliography DellaVigna, Stefano, and Ethan Kaplan. 2006. The FOX News Effect: Media Bias and Voting. NBER Working Paper, Cambridge, MA: NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH. Entman, Robert M. 1994. Reopening the Black Box: Toward a Limited Effects Theory. Political Communication 11 (3): 313 314. Gentzkow, Matthew. 2006. Television and Voter Turnout. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 931-972. Groseclose, Tim, and Jeffrey Milyo. 2005. A Measure of Media Bias. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 1191-1237. Kelly, and Pax. 2004. Think on Journalism. July 1. Accessed January 27, 2014. http://www.jour.unr.edu/think/bias.html. Kuypers, Jim A. 2002. Press Bias and Politics: How the Media Frame Conoversial Issues. London: Praeger. McCombs, Maxwell E., and Donald L. Shaw. 1972. The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. The Public Opinion Quarterly (American Association for Public Opinion Research) 36 (2): 176-187. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2747787. Mills, C. Wright. 1956. The Power Elite. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2004. NEWS AUDIENCES INCREASINGLY POLITICIZED. Study, Washington, D.C.: PEW RESEARCH CENTER FOR THE PEOPLE AND THE PRESS. Puglisi, Riccardo. 2006. BEING THE NEW YORK TIMES: THE POLITICAL BEHAVIOUR OF A NEWSPAPER. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/. April. Accessed January 26, 2014. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/19292/1/Being_the_new_york_times.pdf. Steven, Kull, Clay Ramsay, and Evan Lewis. 2003. Misperceptions, The Media, And The Iraq. Political Science Quarterly 118: 569-598. 2013. The Role and Influence of Mass Media. CliffNotes. May 7. Accessed January 27, 2014. http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/sociology/contemporary-mass-media/the-role-and-influence-of-mass-media.

Deception Point Page 36

â€Å"Jesus Christ!† Norah shook the device and looked again. â€Å"Damn it! Something's got to be wrong with this refractometer!† â€Å"Saltwater?† Corky gloated. Norah frowned. â€Å"Partial. It's registering three percent brine-which is totally impossible. This glacier is a snow pack. Pure freshwater. There should be no salt.† Norah carried the sample to a nearby microscope and examined it. She groaned. â€Å"Plankton?† Tolland asked. â€Å"G. polyhedra,† she replied, her voice now sedate. â€Å"It's one of the planktons we glaciologists commonly see in the oceans under ice shelves.† She glanced over at Tolland. â€Å"They're dead now. Obviously they didn't survive long in a three percent saltwater environment.† The four of them stood in silence a moment beside the deep shaft. Rachel wondered what the ramifications of this paradox were for the overall discovery. The dilemma appeared minor when compared to the overall scope of the meteorite, and yet, as an intel analyst, Rachel had witnessed the collapse of entire theories based on smaller snags than this. â€Å"What's going on over here?† The voice was a low rumble. Everyone looked up. The bearish frame of the NASA administrator emerged from the dark. â€Å"Minor quandary with the water in the shaft,† Tolland said. â€Å"We're trying to sort it out.† Corky sounded almost gleeful. â€Å"Norah's ice data is screwed.† â€Å"Bite me twice,† Norah whispered. The administrator approached, his furry eyebrows lowering. â€Å"What's wrong with the ice data.† Tolland heaved an uncertain sigh. â€Å"We're showing a three percent saltwater mix in the meteorite shaft, which contradicts the glaciology report that the meteorite was encased in a pristine freshwater glacier.† He paused. â€Å"There's also plankton present.† Ekstrom looked almost angry. â€Å"Obviously that's impossible. There are no fissures in this glacier. The PODS scans confirmed that. This meteorite was sealed in a solid matrix of ice.† Rachel knew Ekstrom was correct. According to NASA's density scans, the ice sheet was rock solid. Hundreds of feet of frozen glacier on all sides of the meteorite. No cracks. And yet as Rachel imagined how density scans were taken, a strange thought occurred to her†¦ â€Å"In addition,† Ekstrom was saying, â€Å"Dr. Mangor's core samples confirmed the solidity of the glacier.† â€Å"Exactly!† Norah said, tossing the refractometer on a desk. â€Å"Double corroboration. No fault lines in the ice. Which leaves us no explanation whatsoever for the salt and plankton.† â€Å"Actually,† Rachel said, the boldness of her voice surprising even herself. â€Å"There is another possibility.† The brainstorm had hit her from the most unlikely of memories. Everyone was looking at her now, their skepticism obvious. Rachel smiled. â€Å"There's a perfectly sound rationale for the presence of salt and plankton.† She gave Tolland a wry look. â€Å"And frankly, Mike, I'm surprised it didn't occur to you.† 42 â€Å"Plankton frozen in the glacier?† Corky Marlinson sounded not at all sold on Rachel's explanation. â€Å"Not to rain on your parade, but usually when things freeze they die. These little buggers were flashing us, remember?† â€Å"Actually,† Tolland said, giving Rachel an impressed look, â€Å"she may have a point. There are a number of species that enter suspended animation when their environment requires it. I did an episode on that phenomenon once.† Rachel nodded. â€Å"You showed northern pike that got frozen in lakes and had to wait until the thaw to swim away. You also talked about micro-organisms called ‘waterbears' that became totally dehydrated in the desert, remained that way for decades, and then reinflated when rains returned.† Tolland chuckled. â€Å"So you really do watch my show?† Rachel gave a slightly embarrassed shrug. â€Å"What's your point, Ms. Sexton?† Norah demanded. â€Å"Her point,† Tolland said, â€Å"which should have dawned on me earlier, is that one of the species I mentioned on that program was a kind of plankton that gets frozen in the polar ice cap every winter, hibernates inside the ice, and then swims away every summer when the ice cap thins.† Tolland paused. â€Å"Granted the species I featured on the show was not the bioluminescent species we saw here, but maybe the same thing happened.† â€Å"Frozen plankton,† Rachel continued, excited to have Michael Tolland so enthusiastic about her idea, â€Å"could explain everything we're seeing here. At some point in the past, fissures could have opened in this glacier, filled with plankton-rich saltwater, and then refroze. What if there were frozen pockets of saltwater in this glacier? Frozen saltwater containing frozen plankton? Imagine if while you were raising the heated meteorite through the ice, it passed through a frozen saltwater pocket. The saltwater ice would have melted, releasing the plankton from hibernation, and giving us a small percentage of salt mixed in the freshwater.† â€Å"Oh, for the love of God!† Norah exclaimed with a hostile groan. â€Å"Suddenly everyone's a glaciologist!† Corky also looked skeptical. â€Å"But wouldn't PODS have spotted any brine ice pockets when it did its density scans? After all, brine ice and freshwater ice have different densities.† â€Å"Barely different,† Rachel said. â€Å"Four percent is a substantial difference,† Norah challenged. â€Å"Yes, in a lab,† Rachel replied. â€Å"But PODS takes its measurements from 120 miles up in space. Its computers were designed to differentiate between the obvious-ice and slush, granite and limestone.† She turned to the administrator. â€Å"Am I right to assume that when PODS measures densities from space, it probably lacks the resolution to distinguish brine ice from fresh ice?† The administrator nodded. â€Å"Correct. A four percent differential is below PODS's tolerance threshold. The satellite would see brine ice and fresh ice as identical.† Tolland now looked intrigued. â€Å"This would also explain the static water level in the shaft.† He looked at Norah. â€Å"You said the plankton species you saw in the extraction shaft was called-â€Å" â€Å"G. polyhedra, Norah declared. â€Å"And now you're wondering if G. polyhedra is capable of hibernating inside the ice? You'll be pleased to know the answer is yes. Absolutely. G. polyhedra is found in droves around ice shelves, it bioluminesces, and it can hibernate inside the ice. Any other questions?† Everyone exchanged looks. From Norah's tone, there was obviously some sort of â€Å"but†-and yet it seemed she had just confirmed Rachel's theory. â€Å"So,† Tolland ventured, â€Å"you're saying it's possible, right? This theory makes sense?† â€Å"Sure,† Norah said, â€Å"if you're totally retarded.† Rachel glared. â€Å"I beg your pardon?† Norah Mangor locked stares with Rachel. â€Å"I imagine in your business, a little bit of knowledge is a dangerous thing? Well, trust me when I tell you that the same holds true for glaciology.† Norah's eyes shifted now, looking at each of the four people around her. â€Å"Let me clarify this for everyone once and for all. The frozen brine pockets that Ms. Sexton has proposed do occur. They are what glaciologists call interstices. Interstices, however, form not as pockets of saltwater but rather as highly branched networks of brine ice whose tendrils are as wide as a human hair. That meteorite would have had to pass through one hell of a dense series of interstices to release enough saltwater to create a three percent mixture in a pool that deep.†

Characterization Essay Topics - Is it a Scam?

Characterization Essay Topics - Is it a Scam? There's a multitude of possible Odyssey essay topics. As you get set to submit the subject, you can evaluate each one of the topics and choose which will be better to compose an impressive essay on. It is among the most obvious essay topics you'd be requested to write. Thus, settle back and relax, you ought to be in a position to come up with an outstanding Odyssey essay topic after reading this. It's true, you would like to present your argument on exactly what this man is about, after all it's your essay. You would like your essay reader to understand this character like he or she's a friend. Reading the book to have a first hand understanding of the character is crucial to write a great paper. Learn more regarding the reasons to purchase essays from our company. Our expert custom essay writers possess the abilities and experience to confirm your information. The introduction gives a general summary of the character. You're absolutely free to find emergency essay help on all kinds of essays too. Looking through many of character analysis sample essays ought to help you develop your own writing style. The True Meaning of Characterization Essay Topics Using one of our topics can help you compose a high quality paper. Order is the secret when displaying the principal characteristics of a character. Professors have always been fond of this sort of writing as it proves the capacity to comprehend and analyze strong literary characters. Characterization is a method employed by means of an author to come up with a character. What to Do About Characterization Essay Topics Other than that, different kinds of techniques may be used to characterize in 1 story. Also, you need to consider suitable responses to other countries who don't take part in fair trading argumentative essay counter argument example. At length, you must write down the factors for choosing this character out of the other alternatives. In conclusion, since the characters are the main element, characterization techniques play a critical part in developing a better comprehension of a story. The Importance of Characterization Essay Topics The rural locations of every one of these books push towards a standard theme of escape. You'll also give their name and possibly some family background. These skills are really helpful in real life. Thus, let's examine a number of the Animal Farm topics you might discover interesting. The Foolproof Characterization Essay Topics Strategy Ultimately, Hamlet turns out to be an exceedingly existential character. To begin with, you've got to pick a character you want to write about. Obviously what you've got to do is to analyze the character. Obviously, the narrator's character at the start of the story wasn't pre cisely the same at the conclusion of it. The antagonist isn't always another character. When compared to other characters, a static character is apparently affected little by any experiences in a specific story and therefore remaining the same. Though multiple characters can be included in this kind of essay, it's usually done to compare two significant characters or to concentrate on no more than one character. It's not simple to compose believable and realistic characters. The effect of the narrative isnot tragic, even though the storyteller is bitterly defeated. A round character can likewise be defined as one whose personality has some level of duality. It's not simple to write about personality. Your character's personality is strongly associated with their background. Because writing imposes space-time limitations, we cannot craft a character that's as complicated as an actual individual, but we can surely try. In most instances, literary writers create characters that we are able to relate to certain individuals in actual life. Once more Bradbury manages to convey a good deal of emotions with just a few words. To begin with, you comprehend the character from their standpoint. However, the definition of race isn't very clear. This title provides the reader the feeling he is a generalization representing certain Muslim thought.

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Comparison Between the set roles of Late 19th Century men in the ‘Ms Julia’ and ‘A Dolls House’ Free Essays

‘Ms Julia’ and ‘A Dolls House’ are both late 19th Century plays. In the late 19th Century, England was the most economically powerful nation in the world, with naval supremacy and an extensive empire. There was great social change; the nation was becoming more literate and expressive, giving birth to the expression ‘art for art’s sake’. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Between the set roles of Late 19th Century men in the ‘Ms Julia’ and ‘A Dolls House’ or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, controversy and conflict occurred during this time of economic and social change. That caused a knock on effect throughout Europe. A new social class was also formed; this was the middle class, which ‘A Dolls House’, is based on. During this time of change, men still had family duties which had to be conformed to in the society. Women’s role in society stayed the same. Women were left at home while their husbands went to work. Not much was expected from them, but to provide offspring and keep their husbands satisfied. Family image was very important during this time period and loss of face was unacceptable, a tarnished image would lead to gossip and loss of respect from people of the same social class. Image and social status is clearly brought out in both plays and conflict is apparent when social roles are not adhered to. In Ms Julia, Jean is portrayed as the ambitious footman who crosses the social barrier to seduce the mistress of the house whereas Torvald remains the stereotypical husband of Nora who fulfills his role as her provider. Both plays ‘A Dolls House’ and ‘Ms Julia’ have dominating male characters. In ‘A Dolls House’ the dominating character, Torvald, plays a middle-class man working as a bank manager. Dr Rank, a well-respected doctor, represents the weaker side of men, both physically through his illness which is probably a sexually transmitted disease inherited from his father and also being susceptible to Nora. In ‘Ms Julia’ the main male character is Jean, whose rank in society does not exceed one of a footman. Even though he seems well educated and speaks French, his intentions are evil and disloyal. The Count, Jean’s employer, does not appear in any scenes but he is known as a stern authoritarian man and his presence throughout the play is noticeable through references by the staff and the ‘bell’ at the end of the play. Torvald, a man who has a secure source of income and is well respected by his acquaintances, conforms to the society he is placed in. Towards his wife, he seems only grateful for the company and entertainment that she provides for him and his friends. ‘Nora, I’d gladly work night and day for you, and endure poverty and sorrow for your sake. ‘ This is a typical male statement of that time where women had to rely on the men in that society. When Nora confesses to taking out the loan, to save his life. He does not really love Nora for who she is, but he loves her for what she does to satisfy her. Torvald feels that her actions were outrageous and something he would not expect from a wife. ‘This is unheard-of from a young girl like you’. This clearly shows how he feels about the position and role of a wife. After confessing, Nora leaves their well-established home under the protection of Torvald, and ventures off into the harsh world. At this moment Torvald is a broken man. His wife has left him with two children and a broken heart. ‘But to lose you – to lose you, Nora! No, no, I can’t even imagine it†¦ ‘. More importantly there is an imbalance in Torvald’s life as his role in society is not the same and his broken image cannot be repaired due to what the society expects from happy middle class families. But you’re my wife – now’. How will he be viewed by others because his wife has left him? Dr Rank plays a distinctive role in the play ‘A Dolls House’. His name relates to society, Ibsen deliberately put it in to show the importance of social ranking. Rank is a family friend to the Helmers and makes frequent visits to their residence. When Rank and Torvald discuss matters, they confide themselves to a small room that does not welcome Nora and is not seen by the audience. The subject of these conversations are not known by Nora indicating a difference in the roles in society. When Rank finds death approaching, he confides in Nora, yet Torvald has no that they occur. ‘Well, at any rate you know that I’m at your service – body and soul. ‘ Helmer clearly states that he is at her service, which does not always equal love. Krogstad is an unemployed barrister in ‘A Dolls House’. During the time that Torvald was ill Nora turned to Krogstad for a loan to pay for a much-needed vacation to Italy. This loan was taken out without Torvald knowing. Throughout the play Krogstad always appears at the Helmers residence asking Torvald to hire him. He visits are not only intended to ask for a job, but also to blackmail Nora for the money that she had borrowed from him and the falsified signature. Near the end of the play Krogstad slips a note inside Torvald’s private letterbox about the loan that he gave to Nora. In ‘Ms Julia’ the dominant male character is Jean. He takes advantage of the Count’s daughter and seduces her. Fear of being caught, they both plan to run away. Jean feels that he should be in a higher social class in society. He tries to fit in with people in a higher class, but tries to ignore the social class barrier. ‘In my dream, I’m in a dark wood, lying under a tall tree. I want to get up – right to the top, where I can see out over the country in the sunlight. ‘ However, he is unable to do so and is reminded constantly of his position in society by Kristin and finally by the bell ringing on the return of the Count. The Count is the master of the house, but not much is heard or seen of him. However, his heavy presence is constantly felt by the bell ringing. It’s Jean, my lord. ‘ This brings fear to all the servants. From what is shown the Count expects certain standards from everyone including his daughter and shows a strong adherance to the social class system of the time. He lives upstairs and the servants live downstairs each to their altered position in society. In the two plays the men have completely different roles and attitudes to their place in society. Torvald is comfortable about his role and place in society. Yet Jean feels the opposite way as he feels that he deserves a higher position. Dr Rank feels that his life has not satisfied all his needs for women and he had an unfair chance at life because of his father’s lifestyle. To conclude, Jean’s role in society does not change throughout the play even though he tries very hard to change, he still holds his role as a footman. Dr Rank stays in his role in society as a doctor and a friend, but he tries to bend the rules in his last moments and attempts to flirt with Nora yet he must stay celibate because of his illness. Torvald looses a part of his role and has an increased role of being a single parent and a middle class working man at the same time. If Jean was to conform to society he would not have considered a relationship between himself and Ms Julia. He would have married Kristin and lived his life as a servant and husband. His dreams of owning a hotel would not happen due to his position as a footman. These men had different ideas and roles, but the end result still remains, society still controls who you are and what you can achieve. The bell in Ms Julia is the main image that restricts what you can achieve. In A Dolls House the sickness that Dr Rank has contracted controls his life and his place in society. How to cite Comparison Between the set roles of Late 19th Century men in the ‘Ms Julia’ and ‘A Dolls House’, Papers

Recruitment & Selection AT Live Wire Laboratory Ltd.

Question: 1. Identify and select a small business (big/well known organisation is not allowed) as the subject for your project, and explain the task to the business manager to obtain approval. 2. Survey key stakeholders (relevant positions in the small business) and identify the HR needs of the business for the next 12 months. 3. Develop a human resources (HR) plan to address the HR needs of the organisation and have the plan approved by the business manager and your assessor before proceeding further. 4. Develop job descriptions. 5. Develop an advertising policy and procedure, including checklist, which complies with organisational, legal and policy requirements. 6. Develop a selection policy and procedure, including checklists, that complies with organisational, legal and policy requirements for: a. external reference checking b. providing offers of employment (including advice about salary, terms and conditions, probation). 7. Review the procedures with key stakeholders and your assessor before proceeding. 8. Facilitate and evaluate some training on at least two of the procedures developed using a training evaluation form. Answer : Executive Summary Success of all business organization depends on its human resource. Every business organization has the same requirements i.e. finding the right person for the job developing him or her into a valuable resource. Conducting the recruitment in the proper way helps the managers to work in most effective manner and achieve the vision mission of the organization. It is expected from every human resource manager that they pay proper attention on the recruitment selection activities happening in the organization, so that they can tackle the human energies in achieving the objectives of the organization. Therefore, personal functions selection recruitment, when they are carried out in a proper manner, it would enable the business enterprise to hire retain the best brains in the business industry. Behind all the world best companies it is its people which are the biggest strengths. The employees recognize themselves with the organization they are working for. The proper functions acted b y human resource manager help the employees to build up their morale, proudness spirit which in turn become the organizational strengths. Certain steps are required to be followed by all the business enterprises, which ensure that it has right number right kind of people at right time at right place, in order to achieve the planned goals of the organization. The report covers the a brief profile of Live Wire Laboratories Ltd., its existing human resource policies, survey report identifying of needs of manpower, current human resource status, develop the job description, developing- HR Plan, advertising policies, selection policies training evaluation for two procedures. Business Profile- Live Wire Laboratories Ltd. The Live Wire Laboratories Ltd. is a young start up manufacturing and exporting human herbal. Live Wire Laboratories was founded by Mr. Abraham Stewart in the year 2001 and has its headquarters in Kallyanpur, Dhaka. Live Wire Laboratories produce ethical drugs, it started with manufacturing oral liquid products. It is private limited company registered with the registrar of Joint Stock Company the firms of Government of People of Bangladesh. Initially the organization faced many challenges problems, however, it successfully overcame with all the problems and is trying to become from a small unit to giant size. Live Wire Laboratories continuously tries to enlarge the facilities of production, increasing the employees and boosting its marketing sales efforts. At present, Live Wire Laboratories product lines include two categories, i.e. herbal allopathic. Both the products include various products. The major activity of Live Wire Laboratories is to contract manufacturing, distribution sales. Live Wire Laboratories sells its products majorly in Bangladesh and also exports a small amount to Nepal Sri Lanka. Live Wire Laboratories is a young growing exporter of human herbal pharmaceuticals product in Bangladesh having 500 employees in total working in various departments within the organization. The Vision Statement of Live Wire Laboratories is to ensure health happiness for all. With their continuous efforts, improvements innovation Live Wire Laboratories want to establish themselves as one of the best pharmaceutical organization. The Mission statement of Live Wire Laboratories is to adopt holistic approach in order to ensure happiness and health for all by making medicines of superior quality at reasonable prices and reaching out even the smallest villages by proper sales distribution channels. They view themselves as partners with doctors, their employees, their customers and the environment. (Ashwathapa, 2007) The Goal of the organization is to stay committed to improve the state of the art manufacturing facilities in order to ensure superior quality products to the customers. The organization is continuously putting its efforts to increase the sales, revenue, productivity improve the image of the organization and the satisfaction level of customers. Planning Recruitment (on the budget basis) 1. The manpower planning procedure for a year starts with the Live Wire Laboratories budgeting activity. The managers or functional heads of respective department submit the requisition form to Board of Directors sating the requirement of manpower in their respective departments as part of their annual business plan. Detailed discussion is done with the Human Resource Manager with proper notes in details in support of the projected assumptions in regards to indirect direct costs of salary for each position. 2. After this detailed discussion a copy of approved human resource plan goes to the HR department for their actions which are further required during the year. The yearly budget would show the required manpower in the entire organization, at various levels in different departments, at different office location and timing when the manpower is required. The budget also depicts the requirement budget, which is the cost assigned towards the replacement of existing employees recruitment of the budgeted staff. The manpower plan will also clearly specify the exact time at which the incumbent should be on board in such a way that the regional HR has plenty notice for the time lapses included in sourcing another activities. 3. The Regional HR department needs to accept the planning activity and perform required preparations in advance of the forecasted requirements, as quarterly monthly activities on the foundation of the approved budget, replacements separations therefore. 4. The openings sought to be filled or being filled will always be within the annual manpower budget which has been approved by the board of directors and no recruitment process will be initiated without the formal notice or meetings with the regional HR Head under any situation. Sourcing Suitable Candidates The HR Department of Live Wire Laboratories adopt various channels for attaining the right candidate. The HR manager uses multiple sources of recruiting the employees depending upon the position, volume of recruitment, etc. Some of these sources include: 1. Employee referrals 2. Existing database of potential candidates 3. Advertisement in Internet/magazine/newspaper/ job sites/companys website or any other media. 4. Placement agencies The choice of sourcing mechanism depends upon number of positions, urgency criticality of the position cost consideration. However, the norms of using any of the above sources are not water tight. Policies Regarding Advertisements 1. All the advertisements related to recruitment in any medium or in any form should always conform to the KLI compliance norm cannot be advertised by any department without having the VP-HR approval depending on the specifics of each vacancy for which recruitment advertisement needs to be acted, the HR Manager has the right to get help from the marketing department of the organization or any external advertising agency for the preparation of the advertisement. Primary characteristics of the vacancies as informed by the department heads would normally be the part of the advertisement text. 2. The media for delivering the advertisement will depend on the level of position being considered on the basis of the urgency of the vacancy. 3. The mode of advertisement can be broadly classified as internet websites, newspapers business magazines. (Robins, 2000) Recruitment Selection of Sales Promotional Representative and Medical Representative For the Live Wire Laboratories, Sales Promotional Representative (SPR) and Medical Representative (MR) are the most important positions. Every quarter, the Live Wire laboratories recruit 20-30 employees for this position. Below is the process of recruiting and selecting MR and SPR: 1. Requisition form: As a process, the marketing division raises the request demanding employees by filling the requisition form. HR department will justify the requirement will take approval from Board of Directors. 2. Attract Invite applicants: Every quarter Live Wire Laboratories recruit MR and SPR in a big quantity. Being this as the main reason they try to reach the maximum number of applicants. HR Department publishes the recruitment advertisement in the newspapers. Mostly the advertisements are published on the last working day of the week. The major points that are included in advertisements are: Job Responsibilities of Sales Promotional Representative: Ensuring prompt timely delivery of medicine to the chemist as per their requirements. Managing cash collections received after the delivery of medicines. Safely depositing the cash received to the concerned department. Promoting the Live Wire products in potential market. Job Specification of Sales Promotional Representative: Applicants should have a minimum completed graduation from a certified and recognized university. 1. Should have scored 60% throughout academics. 2. Should be less than 30 years of age 3. Should be comfortable speaking local language 4. Should have fluent English 5. Should be honest and smart working person. 6. Workplace can be anywhere in Bangladesh. Job Responsibilities of Medical Representative: 1. Able to maintain constant liaison with health care professional doctors. 2. Promoting the products of Live Wire create maximum awareness about the brand. 3. Achieving sales target given by the organization. 4. Providing chemists doctors with updated information about the product on regular basis. Job Specification of Medical: Representative: Applicant must have done masters in general management or have marketing specialization. Should be capable of working under immense pressure to meet targets in given deadlines. Applicant should have his own transportation vehicle and knows driving. Applicant should be comfortable travelling. Applicants under 30 years are eligible to apply. Workplace can be anywhere in Bangladesh. 3. Collecting resumes, conducting examination, interview and publishing results: After the advertisements are published and have received enough number of applicants, the candidates are invited to appear in the written examination and after the examination candidates are shortlisted. Shortlisted candidates appear for the personal interview and then the selected candidates names are published. 4. Acceptance of offer letter: Finally the shortlisted candidates are offered with joining letters and HR Department takes the required papers and performs the reference check. (Kothari, 208) Recruitment Selection Policies 1. First level screening The Candidates would be screened by the HR Manager/Branch Manager for the respective locations. Screening would be on the basis of the profile of the candidate and the departmental requirements. This assessment will be with respect to: The general profile of the candidate, Personality fit of the candidate into the profile, Aptitude/attitude of the candidate, Motives of the person to join the company and whether focus is in the short term or is a long term player, Basic skill level on our set of requirements, say numerically ability, networking ability, etc. Establish the annual guaranteed cash compensation of the individual and check whether the person would fit into the system. Explain the role of Sales manager to the applicant and check the acceptance of the candidate for the same. In case of need, the Regional HR may take a Tele interview of the candidate for further assessment process. 2. Second Level Screening Aptitude Test If the first assessment is positive, the candidates will give the aptitude test, once such test is selected approved by the company. The scoring, interpretation and the generation of interview probes from that test will also be done at this time. People who qualify the minimum criteria on this test will be put up on to the Functional Head (VPs in case of HO) for functional assessment and suitability into the role. General Norms regarding interview Process: Interviews should consider the entire data provided by the candidate either through the formal CV or otherwise before coming to a conclusion about the candidate. They may insist on seeing the proof of the claims made by the candidate regarding qualifications, experience and other achievements. They may, at their discretion, decide to meet the candidate on more than one occasion or to refer the candidate to another panel. Ratings on various attributes of the candidates shall be recorded in the interview evaluation sheet, soon after the interview is over. Along with these numerical ratings, qualitative observations about the candidate and overall decision regarding selection or otherwise (including a decision to defer the induction, referral to another panel, considering for another position) shall be forwarded to the associated Recruitment Manager/ Head of Regional HR. Individual panel members have the option of appending their additional remarks/observations. No selection will be treated as final unless the IES form is filled comprehensively. Suitably appropriate IES formats may be created for specific positions. Any discrepancies noticed by the panel members regarding the authenticity of the data provided by the candidate should be specifically and formally recorded on the IES form and suitably high lightened. Specific points to be probed during the reference check process, if any, must also be clearly recorded and high lightened on the IES forms. Administrative Actions Regarding Interviews Scheduling and the venue of the interviews would be handled by the recruitment team in consultation with the short listed candidate and the selection panel members, after taking mutual convenience into account. For field positions, respective branch/regional heads would undertake this co-ordination. After the final round, if the candidate is selected, the complete set of papers Personal Data Form, CV, job requisition no., Interview evaluation sheet, reference check details, educational details, along with the interviewers recommendations and Reference check form should be forwarded by the recruitment managers to recruitment head. Fitment of the candidate into a grade and compensation fitment shall be on the assumption of authenticity of the information provided in the CV/application form. An appropriate formal communication shall be sent to the candidate whose candidature is not being taken forward, or details of the verbal/telephonic communications provided to the candidate shall be recorded on the candidates papers, by the recruitment team/associated line managers. In the case of interviews taking place at the branch/regional levels, similar noting should be recorded on the individual candidates papers. (Gupta, 2011) Negotiations of the terms and conditions and other pre-appointment formalities In the case of sales-Tied Agency functions, the branch managers will be allowed to fix the salary and grade of the incoming sales manager provided the compensation does not exceed 20% of the candidates current cash salary. Any fitment beyond these norms will need the approval of Head-HR. HR will forward a worksheet to support the BMs to evaluate the appropriate cash CTC of the incumbent. For all other functions, the compensation and grade would be fixed post a discussion between the Head of the Regional HR and the associated AVP/VP. Any candidate being offered a CTC of more than 4lacs will need the sign off from HEAD-HR. In appropriate cases, at the discretion of the VP-HR, a deviation may be referred to the Managing Director, for the MDs formal approval. Responsibility for negotiations and finalization of the terms shall rest with the best Branch Manager/Associated Manager. They may seek the assistance of the recruitment managers, whenever required. Reference checks process should not normally be initiated unless the candidate has indicated his firm acceptance of the offer being made by us. Reference Checks Normal, reference checks should be undertaken with at least one reference. A second reference check will be done if considered necessary. Responsible officials from the former employers, academic institutes and/or any other eminent personalities can be considered as appropriate references. Close relatives and friends cannot be considered as references. Wherever feasible and considered appropriate, a reference should be made with a senior official of the candidates current employer. In case the candidate is currently un-employed, reference should be made with the latest employer. The format of reference check is to be used as a framework for conducting the process Where the minimum two reference checks are not possible (particularly with the current employer) or where there is a mixed response from different sources, the matter may be to the VP-HR for a final decision. Depending on the seniority and any other considerations about the positions, VP-HR would normally consult the functional head concerned, before coming to conclusions. Any candidate whose credentials are doubtful shall not be recruited. In case of recruitment of Management trainees, fresher and life advisors as sales Managers no reference checks will be required. (Abraham, Jose, 1998) Employment offer letter When a recruitment Manager is fully satisfied about the selection of the right candidate and about completion of all the formalities connected with the appointment of candidate including requisite documentation, satisfactory reference check reports and medical fitness, he/she would forward the relevant papers listed below to the head of recruitment. Personal Data form Employee requisition form duly filled by the regional Head/Branch Manager Interview evaluation sheet filled by the regional head/Branch manager/interviewer with his/her comments. Latest and updated resume of the candidate Photocopy of the appointment letter of the last employer or latest salary slip. Employment details. Two Professional references. Language Proficiency. Document check list for every grade is as follows: Authorization Release Form. Background checks Form. Highest Education certificate. Highest Education mark sheet. 1 Month Salary Slip of Current Employer. 1 Month Salary Slip of Last Employer. Relieving Letter of last Employment. Proof of Residence. 2 Passport Size Photograph. Regional HR manager will take the signature of Head-HR on the employee requisition form and forward the papers to the employee service team for issuance of the offer letter. Employee services team will issue offer letter, to be signed by the National Recruitment Manager or Chief Manager-HR, and send the same to the concerned Branch Manager/ HR Manager. It would be the responsibility of the Branch Manager/HR Manager to ensure that the accepted copy of the offer letter is forwarded to the employee service team within a week of receipt of the offer letter. Till this letter is issued, the offer has not taken place in formal sense. A copy of the offer letter shall be duly signed and returned to the candidate. Candidate would be expected to fulfil various joining formalities, which are also formally communicated to him/her in the form of a checklist that is attached to the letter of offer. The Regional HR head shall have the overall responsibility and accountability to maintain the templates of the offer letters and also for drafting of suitable non-standard terms to any specific candidate. The employee service team will follow up Branch Manager/Regional HR Manager for the joining of the candidate and will collect all relevant documents from the candidate including the joining report, before issuing the appointment letter. The employee service team may enlist the help of the Branch Manager to ensure that all necessary documents within ten days o the person joining. After all of the necessary documents, the employee service team will send the appointment letter to the new joiner. Once the documentation is complete for the new joiner (including the accepted appointment letter), people who may have joined before 20th of the month but have not been included in the payroll for the month because of delay in receipt of papers will be given ad-hoc salary advance (up to maximum of 65% of the prorated salary). This advance will be adjusted once the person gets included in the subsequent months payroll. If the person does not submit the relieving letter from the previous organization, where required to be submitted as per the table given above, within three months of joining, the employee service manager can put their salary on hold till such time as the said documents are received. (Rao, 1998) References Robins, D (2000): Human Resource Management, Publisher-Prentice Hall, New York. Abraham, Jose P, (1998), "To Grapple With Attrition" , Publisher- Human Capital Rao, J.M., (1998), "Scouting for Talent ", Publisher- Human Capital Ashwathapa, K, (2007) Human Resource and personnel Management, Tata McGraw Hill 131-176. Gupta, C.B. (2011) Human Resource Management, Sultan Chand Sons. Kothari, C.R, (2008) Research Methodology, Publishers- New Age International